Sex Differences in Intelligence: The Developmental Theory by Richard Lynn

Author:Richard Lynn [Lynn, Richard]
Language: eng
Format: azw3
Tags: IQ, bell curve, Tatu Vanhanen, intelligence
ISBN: 9781914208676
Publisher: Arktos Media Ltd.
Published: 2021-12-08T00:00:00+00:00

10h. General Knowledge

Age differences in sex differences in general knowledge are available in the Information subtest of the Wechsler tests. In 8 studies of the WPPSI for 4- to 6-year-olds, there is a small median male advantage of .08d, given in Table 5.1. In 17 studies of the WISCs for 6 to 16 year-olds, males obtained a higher median score than females of .30d, given in Table 5.6. In 23 studies of the WAIS, males obtained a higher median score than females of .44d, given in Table 5.4. Lynn & Irwing (2002) show that this male advantage is not attributable to a bias in favour of males on these tests.

A large male advantage in adults in general knowledge of .68d is reported by Ackerman, Bowen, Beier & Kanfer (2001). This has been confirmed at .51d by Lynn, Irwing & Cammock (2002) in a study that identified 19 domains of general knowledge, six first order factors and one second order general factor. It was found that males obtained significantly higher means than females on the second order general factor of .51d and on four of the six first order factors identified as information about Current Affairs, Physical Health and Recreation, Arts and Science. Females obtained a significantly higher mean than males on the first order factor identified as Family. There was no sex difference on the remaining first order factor identified as Fashion.

Further studies showing a male advantage in general knowledge have been reported, including at .51d by Lynn, Irwing & Cammock (2002), Lynn, Wilberg & Margraf-Stiksrud (2004), Zarevski, Ivanec, Zarevski & Lynn (2007), Tran, Hofer & Voracek (2014) and Steinmayr, Bergold, Margraf-Stiksrud & Freund (2015). A male advantage in 15-year-olds in general historical knowledge in 26 nations has been reported by Wilberg & Lynn (1999). A likely evolutionary explanation of the male advantage in general knowledge is that much of general knowledge is concerned with activities of and conflicts between men, e.g., in history, the arts and politics, and males have more interest in these and hence more knowledge of them.

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